2.8 Description of the abbreviation system

2.8 Description of the abbreviation system

The system of abbreviations for geographical names created for describing and signing signatures and areas on tactile maps has nothing in common with the orthographic abbreviation systems used to abbreviate Braille texts. No orthographic abbreviations should be used when constructing abbreviations for geographical names.

The basics of the abbreviation system have already been built when developing [ZM³] in such a way that the student, when reading the abbreviation, relates it to the correct cartographic mark on the map.

The key (braille sign or braille letter), standing in front of the abbreviation of the proper name of a geographical object, indicates to which type of mark on the map and object in the field the proper name encoded in the abbreviation should be referred. In subsequent publications, keys were established for new object categories, sometimes changing the number of letters in the abbreviation of the proper name.

The key system allows the same letter abbreviation of the proper name to sign objects belonging to different geographical categories, as the key allows their identification.

Rules for the use and creation of abbreviations:

We designate the name of a city by the two-letter abbreviation of its own name without using a key.

We denote the name of a country by a two-letter abbreviation of the Internet domain. If abbreviations of city and state names are placed on the map, the domains should be preceded by a key: dot - point 3.

If only the capital city sign is placed on the political map, it is better to write the capital city's own name next to the state name in the explanation of abbreviations, as this will assign it unambiguously to the corresponding sign, and domains will not need to be preceded by an additional sign - the key.

In a three-character abbreviation, the first character is usually the key informing about the type of object, the next two characters are the abbreviation of the own name. (In case of a different decision, this information should be included in the abbreviation explanation). The abbreviation of the proper name can be formed from one, two or more letters. The letter key must be followed by at least a two-letter abbreviation of the proper name (so that the two-letter abbreviation is not read as an abbreviation of the city).

The number of letters in the abbreviations of the proper names of specific object categories must be fixed for a given set of maps or atlas. If you include on a thematic map object characters that have not yet been assigned keys, you should choose an "x" character or a letter not yet used in this role as the key. Do not use a number sign as a key, as the reading may be ambiguous. Do not use an uppercase character as a key, as it may be needed for its primary function.